Perfil clínico-epidemiológico das crianças menores de cinco anos internadas com diarreia aguda em Hospital Escola do Recife, após dez anos da introdução da vacina para rotavírus

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diarrheal disease is one of the most serious health issues affecting children, being one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among children under five years of age. Improvement in sanitary conditions, encouragement of breastfeeding, adherence to the use of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) and introduction of the Rotavirus vaccine in the basic vaccination schedule were the key measures implemented worldwide to reduce morbidity and mortality in children due to episodes of Diarrheal diseases. OBJECTIVE: to verify the clinical-epidemiological profile of diarrheal disease in children under five years of age hospitalized at the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), ten years after the introduction of the vaccine for Rotavirus. METHODS: a cross-sectional study from November 2016 to April 2017. The information were obtained through interviews with the author and the patient's medical history, through the medical records, -encoded. Statistical analysis were performed using the Epi-Info 3.5.3 program, using frequency distribution tables. RESULTS: A total of 41 children participated in the study. The majority of the children belonged to low income families, with basic sanitation and filtered water at home, with an age average of 14 months. One third was dehydrated at admission and Oral Rehydration Serum was used in 68.3% of them and venoclysis in 63.4%. The average duration of diarrhea was 6 days, being mostly watery (80.5%) and accompanied by fever and vomiting. Most children without Rotavirus vaccination were dehydrated and more than 70% used antibiotic therapy. CONCLUSION: Children with diarrhea had a lower severity and an increase in the average age. There was an improvement in the socioeconomic and family situation, but only half of the children breastfed for more than 3 months. Not all children were treated with Oral Rehydration Serum Therapy, but most were treated with venoclysis and / or antibiotics.