Suplementação de magnésio em gestantes para prevenção de pré-eclâmpsia: ensaio clínico randomizado

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Currently, pre-eclampsia represents 37% of the causes of direct obstetric deaths in Brazil. Despite the importance of pre-eclampsia to the health of mother child, the pathophysiology is not fully understood. Patients with pre-eclampsia have shown low magnesium levels as compared to normotensive pregnant women. A randomized clinical trial with oral magnesium supplementation in pregnant women may answer this important research question. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence of pre-eclampsia in pregnant women with and without oral magnesium supplementation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A double blind, randomized study was carried out at Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP) following low-risk pregnant women from 20th gestational week until delivery. Some socio-demographic and obstetric variables were collected by a semi-structured questionnaire. Magnesium levels were previously detected in all pregnant women studied. Pregnant women with normal magnesium levels (1.6 to 2.6 mg / dL) received oral magnesium supplementation (300 mg daily) from admission to the study until to the birth. RESULTS: Of the 688 pregnant women were studied and 34 (4.9%) had pre-eclampsia; 7.2% vs t 4.4% (p=0.130). Hypomagnesemia was observed in 27.5% of the intervention group and 29.7% in the control group (p>0.05). Mean arterial pressure was 79.6 ± 10.1 mmHg in the intervention group and 78.9 ± 9.9 mmHg in the control group (p>0.05) CONCLUSION: Magnesium oral supplementation appeared not change pre-eclampsia incidence in low-risk pregnant women. Other studies are needed to prove these findings.