Comparação de métodos de avaliação nutricional em pacientes oncológicos adultos de um Hospital de referência em Pernambuco

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer is a disorder characterized by the disordered growth of cells that can invade adjacent tissues and organs and / or spread to other regions of the body. With cancer treatment, patients present, in addition to weight loss, anorexia, losses in the absorption and / or use of nutrients and specific nutrient deficiencies that aggravate their clinical and nutritional condition. There is no consensus on the best methods to evaluate malnutrition in cancer patients, and anthropometric and subjective methods may be used. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of oncology patients hospitalized and ambulatory, through anthropometric and subjective parameters. Methodology: A cross-sectional study, developed at the Adult Oncology and Immunization and Screening Center of the IMIP's Oncology Patient, from February to May 2018. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected and nutritional evaluation was performed using anthropometric methods (Body Mass Index BMI), Tricipital Cutaneous Fold (PCT), Arm Circumference (CB), Calf Circumference (CP) and subjective (Global Positive Self-produced Assessment (ASG-PPP)). The data was entered in the Microsoft Office Excel program and analyzed in the SPSS program, version 13.0. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of IMIP, with an opinion number 84969317.200005201. Results: A sample comprised of 45 adult patients with a mean age of 56 years and 68.9% female. Only 26.7% of the sample performed paid work and 71.2% belonged to social classes D and E. The most frequent types of cancers were head / neck / gastrointestinal tract and genito-urinary tract, both 28.9%. In the nutritional diagnosis through anthropometric parameters, a higher prevalence of eutrophic and overweight (75.6%) was observed; in relation to the CB and CP analysis, the proportion was inverse, 75.6% presented malnutrition and when PCT 91 was analyzed, 1% of the sample was malnourished. Regarding ASG-PPP, only one patient was classified as well nourished, 97.8% of the sample being classified as at risk of malnutrition or malnutrition. Of the patients who presented a normal nutritional diagnosis due to BMI, CB and PCT, 100% of them presented a risk of malnutrition according to ASG-PPP and when evaluated to CP and palmar grip strength, more than 90% of the sample also presented nutritional risk. Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition and the risk of malnutrition was high in this population, and it was an antoniographic and subjective health problem, as the nutritional deficit is able to reduce the therapeutic response, influencing in the prognosis of the patient.